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| FBI
FBI
FBI
Federal Bureau
of Investigation
What is the FBI ?
The
Federal[1]
Bureau of
Investigation[2]
is the most important arm of the United States Department of Justice. The FBI is
also authorised to provide other law organisations with cooperative services,
such as fingerprint identification, laboratory
examinations[3],
and police training.
The Mission
The mission of the FBI is
- to
uphold the law through the investigation of
violations[4]
of criminal law,
- to
protect the United States from
foreign[5]
intelligence and terrorist activities and
- to
provide leadership and law
enforcement[6]
assistance to federal, state, local and international
agencies.
The History
The FBI was founded in 1908 when attorney
general[7]
Charles J. Bonapart appointed an unnamed force of special agents. By order of
attorney general George W. Wickersham, the special agent force was named the
Bureau of Investigation in 1909. After series of changes in name, the Federal
Bureau of Investigation officially received its present title in
1935.
During the early period of the FBI´s
history, its agents investigated criminal violations like
bankruptcy[8]
frauds[9],
antitrust crime and neutrality violations. During World War I, the Bureau was
given responsibility for espionage and sabotage. In 1934 the Congress gave
special agents the authority to make arrests and to carry
firearms.
During the World War II the size of the FBI
increased greatly. With the end of that war and the beginning of the atomic age,
the FBI began to lead security investigations for the White House and other
government agencies.
Civil rights and organised crime became major
tasks of the FBI in the 1960s.
The Organisation
The FBI is a field-oriented organisation. Its
headquarter is in Washington, D.C.. There are 55 field offices in the United
States, and one in Puerto Rico. The locations were selected according to crime
trends and the need to efficiently manage resources.
The FBI is headed by a director, who is
supported by a deputy director. Since September 1993 Louis J. Freeh has been the
director of the FBI.
The FBI has approximately 11,500 special agents
and 16,300 other employees for technical, clerical or other maintenance
operations. About 8,700 employees are assigned to the
headquarter.
The FBI´s budget for 1997 was
$2,837,610,000.
Qualifications for a special agent
To qualify for training as a special agent, the
person must be a U. S. citizen, or a citizen of the northern Mariana islands and
have reached its 23rd but not 37th birthday. Candidates
must be completely available for
assignment[10]
anywhere in the FBI´s 56 field offices. They must have a driving license
and must pass a drug test and a colour vision test.
Candidates must have
obtained[11]
a four-year resident program at one of different special colleges or
universities.
The training of a special agent
The training consists of 15 weeks of intensive
instruction at the FBI Academy in Virginia. The program consists of 654 hours in
the categories of academics, firearms, physical training, defensive tactics and
practical exercises.
After graduating from the FBI academy, special
agents have “on-the-job-training” for two years.
Throughout their careers, special agents attend
service seminars to enhance their knowledge.
[2] investigation Untersuchung,
Nachforschung
[3] examination Untersuchung,
Prüfung
[4]
violation Gesetzesübertretung
[5] foreign fremd,
ausländisch
[6] enforcement Vollstreckung,
Durchsetzung
[7] attorney
general Justitzminister
[10] assignment Zuweisung, Aufgabe f.
Arbeit
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