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| The Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War
(1936-1939)
1923 General Primo de Rivero (Dictator)
1930 De Rivera`s Governemnt ends
1931 Spain becomes a republic
1931 – 1936 several mildly socialist governments
followed each other
conservative opposition increased
a confronatation between the "Republicans"
(government) and the Nationalists (oppposition) and Monarchists
developed
1936, July 18th military revolt lead by
general Franco started in Melilla and quickly spread in Spain
à
Civil War started
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Republicans
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Falange (nationalists)
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supported by the Soviet Union and the Inter-national
Brigades (volunteers from all over Europe and the USA)
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supported by Germany (Condor Legion) and
Italy
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1939 Victory by the Nationalists
"Caudillo"
The bombing of Tortosa
2 bombardments
- Heinkels throw bombs on an army
(ahead)
- Savoia Marchetti bombers bomb Tortosa
(above)
Hemingway`s day
4 o`clock starting in Barcelona
6 o`clock passing Tarragona
1 o`clock Ulldecona
3 o`clock back in Tortosa, bridge blown up -->
returnes to Barcelona
Translation of the first paragraph
Tortosa, Spanien. – Vor uns zogen fünfzehn
Leichte Heinkel-Bomber, die beschützt wurden von Messerschmitt
Jagdflugzeugen, herum in einem langsamen Kreis, wie Geier, die darauf warteten,
dass ein Tier starb. Immer wenn sie einen bestimmten Punkt erreichten, gab es
dumpfe Schläge von Bomben. Als sie zum blanken Hang, ihre starre Formation
haltend, herum schwangen, tauchte jedes dritte Schiff mit speihenden Gewehren
hinab. Sie behielten das bei für 45 Minuten ungestört bei, und das,
auf was sie hinabtauchten und bombardierten, war eine Kompanie der Infanterie,
die eine letzte Stellung auf dem Hang und dem kahlen Gipfel am Mittag dieses
heißen Frühlingstages hielt, um die Straße von Barcelona nach
Valencia zu verteidigen.
What is special about this war
report?
Usually, reports are written neutral, without a comment
and not inclusing the feelings of the author. Hemmingway, however, writes this
text like an experience report. He includes his own thoughts and his feelings.
He also prefers one party, the republicans. His text does not list facts or
quotations, but pagives information about the feelings and emotions the soldiers
have.
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The Bombing of Tortosa
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The old Man at the bridge
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factural at the beginning
the use of parataxes to create emotions
personal impressions
and reporting, characterizing
people
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Old man at the bridge
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Officer
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Old Man
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30-40 years old
on exploration (sldier)
professional, dynamic
observant, watchful
Republican
polite, friendly, mildly interested in the old
man
might want to leave the decision with the old
man
activity (? – old man)
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76 years old / dusty
takes care of animals
lives alone
from a town calles San Carlos
"without politics"
he is worrying about his animals, not about
himself!
tiredness / fear for the animals
passivity
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