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| Alcohol and Tobacco
Alcohol and Tobacco
Table of
contents
1.) Alcohol
What is alcohol
The alcohol content of various
drinks
Why do people drink alcohol
How alcohol affects the human
body
What is being drunk
The alcohol industry is a big
business
Consumption of alcohol is
increasing
Drinking and driving
2.) The tobacco habit
The history of tobacco
Why do people smoke
Why do young people smoke
What happens when you smoke
Tobacco and the human body
The risks of smoking
3.) The choice is yours
If you smoke
If you drink
1.) Alcohol
What is alcohol ?
Alcohol is a chemical; obtained by the
fermentation of cereals or by distillation. Alcohol is a colourless liquid with
a slightly sweet smel and a burned taste.
The alcoholic content of various
drinks:
- Fortified
wine (port, sherry vermouth,...) 15 - 22 %vol.
- Ordinary
wine 10 - 12 %vol.
- Beer and
cider 4 - 7 %vol.
- Spirits and
liqueurs (whiskey, brandy, rum, gin, vodka,...) 40 - 50 %vol.
Why do people drink alcohol
?
All over the world people drink alcohol in a
variety or different forms.
- To
celebrate
- To
relax
- To be
sociable
- To feel
adult and manly
Many people have their first alcoholic drink at
about the age of 12.
Well some people would say: „I drink when
I’m bored“ or „I enjoy the feeling I get from drink“ or
„I like the taste“ or „If I didn’t drink I’ d be
missing out, wouldn’ t I ?“.
How alcohol affects the human
body
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Original document contains a graphic at this position!
The nervous system:
The main effect of alcohol is on
the nervous system.
It acts as a
depressant and slows down the way the brain
works. Large doses make a person sleepy.
The heart:
Alcohol increases a person’s blood preasure
and puls rate. Large amounts over a long period can damage the
heart, making it „fatty“ and weak.
The liver:
Most alcohol passes the liver on it’s way into the
bloodstream.
The stomach:
Very heavy drinkers can damage the lining of the
stomach, so that food is not digested properly.
The skin:
Alcohol increases the flow in the blood vessels
near the skin.
The rate at which a person gets drunk
dependson how quickly the alcohol enters the bloodstream. The
presence of food in the stomach slows down the rate at which alcohol
passes into the rest of the body. A certain number of drinks during a meal may
not make a person drunk. The same drinks, taken on their own, might quickly make
the person drunk.
Alcohol is a habit forming. Having a few
drinks is not dangerous, so long as a person keeps the amount under control. But
someone who is a regular heavily drinker may reach the stage when he
cannot do without alcohol.
A person who is physically or
psychologically dependent on alcohol is called an alcoholic.
Alcoholism is an illnes which can affect a person’s whole
life.
What is beeing drunk ?
Well there are four periods of
drunkness:
Dizzy and Delightful: If you only drink
a little, you’ll only get middle drunk. This usually feels rather
pleasant. You feel happy and lose some of your most common
inhibitions, e.g. shyness. This can be fun because you dare to
say and do some of the things you really want to. Being slightly drunk
can stimulate conversations and companionships.
Drunk and Disorderly: If you go on
drinking you get really drunk. You lose your selfcontrol, you find difficulty
in talking, your vision becomes blurred and you may lose so many of your
inhibitions that you say or do things that you’ll regret
later.
Dead drunk: If you still go on drinking
you can become heavily drunk. This means in fact that you’ve got alcohol
poisoning. You wobble around, you lose all control over your speech and
movements and you will probably be violently sick. You
won’t know what you you’re doing. You may lose your memory and be
unable to remember afterwards what happened.
Dead: Alcohol is a poison. If the amount
of alcohol in the bloodstream goes beyond a certain level, it can produce
stupor, coma or death. Mixing drug-taking with drinking alcohol is
dangerous even in small amounts and can be fatal.
The alcohol industry is a big
business
In 1983, drinkers in the UK spent £7,140
million on beer. In 1984, over £146 million was spent on advertising
alcoholic drinks. In 1983 - 1984 the goverment received £5,963 million in
Customs and Excise revenue on alcoholic drinks. More money is spent each
year on alcoholic drinks than on chlothing.
Consumption of alcohol is
increasing
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Original document contains a graphic at this position!
In this picture you can see that the amount of
spirits and wine are exploded in the last decade.
Drinking and driving
The presence of alcohol in the bloodstream
affects a person’s driving skill. Since 1967 it has been an offence to
drive with a blood-alcohol level of more than 80 mg of alcohol per 100ml of
blood. A person suspected of driving while under the unfluence of drink
is given a breath test.
<picture cars>
The picture shows the old method of testing for
high alcohol levels. It is now meassured by an alcometer.
Anyone convicted of driving while under the
influence of drink is automatically disqualified from driving for a year and may
also be fined or imprisoned.
2.) The tobacco habit
The history of tobacco
Tobacco was introduced into England in the
16th century. Cigarettes were unknown and people who smoked used
pipes. Tobacco can be chewed or inhaled as snuff. The
habit of taking snuff was common in the late 17th century and
during the 18th century, but has now largely died out.
Cigars and cigarettes were introduced during
the 19th century, but pipe smoking remained the most popular form of
smoking until this century. Cigarette smoking increased sharply during
the two world wars. As the consumption of cigarettes has increased, so has the
number of death from lung cancer.
Why do people smoke ?
Well there are three points:
Pleasure: Most people smoke to enjoy the
taste and aroma of tobacco and tobacco smoke. Many of them enjoy the whole
process of lighting up, inhaling and breathing out the smoke.
Relaxion: A large number of smokers
claim that it helps them to relax. There is some evidence that one affect of
nicotine is to act as a sedative, claiming the nerves.
Habit: Cigarette - smoking is a habit
forming. Most adult smokers smoke from habit.
Why do young people smoke
?
Surveys show that many young poeple try their
first cigarette at the age of 11 or 12. They continued to experiment for a
number of years, without forming a habit. In 1983, a survey of 5000 secondary
schoolchildren reported that 25% of 5th year pupils smoked regulary.
Children aged 11 to 16 smoked nearly £60 million worth of cigarettes a
year.
Many young people say they smoked their first
cigarette to find out for themselve what is was like. Older teenagers often
admit that they took up smoking because their family or friends smoked and they
wanted to appear like them.
What happens when you smoke
?
Tobacco smoke is a mixture of tiny
droplets of tar and gases.
Nicotine: Is a very powerful drug and is
probably the addictive agent in cigarettes. Nicotine temporarily
stimulates the nervous system.
Tar: Tobacco tar contains a number of
cancer producing substances. When tobacco smoke is inhaled it coasts the lungs
with tar. The last third of a cigarette produces more tar and nicotine than the
first-two-thirds put together.
Carbon monoxide: Is the deadly gas that
is present in car exhaust fumes. It is also present in cigarette smoke. It
affects the blood’s ability to carry oxygen round the body. This
is one reason why sucessful sportsmen don’t smoke !
Irritant dusts: The dusts in cigarette
smoke irritate the lining of the air tubes. They damage the cilia, the
fine hairs which keep the lings clean. They also produce the
„smoker’s cough“.
Tobacco and the human
body
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Original document contains a graphic at this position!
The teeth:
The teeth of heavy smokers may become dull and yellow
from nicotine stains.
The lungs:
Smoking can damage the lungs so badly that a person
cannot breath properly. 90% of deaths from lung cancer are the result of
smoking.
The heart:
Smoking causes as many deaths from coronary heart
disease as it does from lung cancer. As well as weakening the
heart muscle, smoking may also produce disease of their
arteries.
The stomach:
Tobacco smoke irritates the lining of the stomach. It
can affect the digestive system so that food is not digested
properly.
The risks of smoking
- Cigarette
smoking is responsible for 50.000 premature deaths a
year.
- One in ten
heavy smokers dies of lung cancer, which kills more than 30.000 people a year in
Britain. Half of those who die from lung cancer are under the age of
65.
- People in
Britain die each year from a heart attack. 25% of these deaths are considered to
be due to smoking. Smoking makes the risks of death from a coronary attack five
times greater.
- Cigarettes
are one of the major causes of bronchitis, which kills over 30.000 people a year
in Britain.
- An average
cigarette smoker is likely to give up 5½ years of his life because he
smokes.
- 13 times
more smokers die of lung cancer than
non-smokers.
3.)The choice is yours
If you smoke:
- If you
haven’t started smoking, don’t. Some of your friends or other people
at school may smoke themselves and encourage you or dare you to try it.
Saying „NO“ is sensilbe not
cowardly.
- If
you’ve already started smoking, try to give it up while you’re
young. The longer you smoke, the worse your chances are, and the more difficult
it is to give up.
- If you have
to smoke some form of tobacco, smoke a pipe, or cigar. Because you don’t
normally inhale pipe and cigar smoke, the risks of getting bronchitis or lung
cancer are much lower than with cigarettes.
If you drink:
- Always set
limits to the number of drinks - never be persuaded to exceed
it.
- Try always
to eat when drinking.
- Drink
slowly; never gulp.
- Never drink
while driving.
- Always
respect alcoholic drinks - remember that in small amounts it can give pleasure;
in excess it can cause trouble.
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Original document contains a graphic at this position!
Originaldokument enthält an dieser Stelle eine Grafik!
Original document contains a graphic at this position!
Dias
The most famous cigars are from
Kuba.
picture 1
This is the island Kuba. The capitol of Kuba is
La Habana.
picture 2
The most tillaged (anbau) area is on the left
side of Kuba.
picture 3
This is the logo of a cogar factory in Pinar
del Rio.
picture 4
Tobacco leaves become dehydrated (trocknen) in
some weeks in a special dehydrate house.
picture 5
picture 6
The stalk must be taken away.
picture 7
Only the good and smooth leaves were taken as
wrapper (Zigarrendeckblatt).
picture 8
Now the cigars were taken into special boxes;
then the cigars were pressed so that their length and their diameter were the
same.
picture 9
picture 10
Then the cigar-quality-standards were
checked.
picture 11
At last the cigars were collected and and
checked too.
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